Carbon Capture (CCUS) — España

0 carbon removal technology companies in España. Engineered removal (DAC, BECCS, biochar, enhanced weathering) costs €100-1,000/tCO2 today, compared to €5-30 for nature-based solutions. The EU's carbon removal certification framework (CRCF, adopted 2024) provides quality standards. Permanent removal commands a 3-10× price premium over avoidance credits.